History and geography of the USA

History
First settlements
1. The american continent was first discovered around the year 1000 by Islandic Vikings sailing under the lead of Leif Ericson, but they failed to establish any permanent settlements. Till the 15th century native Indians were the olny inhabitants.
2. In 1492, by a navigation error, Christopher Columbus was brought to America. Initially, he was supposed to sail to Asia. In 1620, a boat called MayFlower brought the first puritans to America, who called themselves the Pilgrim fathers. Gradually, during the 17th century, not only British colonists, but also French, Dutch etc… settled in the country, mostly along the eastern coast. 13 settlements were erected in the east of the continent , athough they were all under the british rule.. The first was Virginia, named after the virgin british queen, Elisabeth the first.
Foundation of the USA, wars of Independence
1. Soon, the british government started to impose many taxes on imported and exported goods. That would be fine, if american citizens had some representation in the british parliament. In 1773, a group of americans dressed like indians threw a cargo of tea to the Boston harbour. This act isn known as the Boston Tea Party. The Americans began boycotting British trade.
2. In 1775, the war of independence began. Meanwhile, the Continential Congress was erected and functioned as the continential government. On the 4th of July, 1776, the Congress adopted the delcaration of Independence. The war went on, it enden in 1781. In 1787, the American constitution was made and George Washington became the 1st president of the USA.
Land expansion, Civil war
1. After a while, the USA were forced to expand due to the population density which was increasing rapidly. That meant, that the Indians were slaughter with no mercy or enslaved. Then, Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery, which was one of many rationales that led to the Civil war between the Union(Grant, no slavery) and the Confederation(Lee, slavery). The war ended in 1865. In that year, Lincoln was murdered.
Industrial growth, WW1/2
1. After the war, the industrial and economical growth began which resulted in America being the leading country in the world.
2. During the WW1, the USA were neutral, but when Hitler attacked american submarines in 1917, the USA entered the war and fought against Germany and its allies.
3. The Roaring Twenties is called the era when the economy was breaking records. But only until 1929, when the Great Deprresion closed in simultaneously with the Black Friday.
4. During the WW2, the USA werent fighting activelly, but passivelly. They supplied Russia and the UK with food, firearms and health care. The situation twisted in december 1941 when Japan surprisingly ambushed an american base in Pearl Harbour and destroyed it. The USA delcared war instantly. In april 1944, the Allies disembarked in France and started the final part of the war.
Cold war, conflicts
1. Right after the WW2, the world was divided into 2 halves The west where capitalism was in power, and the East, the land of communism and terror. America and the western part of the world were afraid of the spreading of communism. America and Russia were the biggest opponents. They were just one push of the button away from starting a war, but in the end, everything ended relatively peacefully. . It is called the Cold war because almost no bullet was fired.
2. Korean war = North Korea wanted to conquer South Korea. Whats more, Soviet union was on the side of the North which the USA couldnt stand. In order not to let Soviets take over in the Cold war, Americans sent their troops to Korea. The war lasted for 3 years and ended in a draw.
3. The Cuban missile crysis.
4. Vietnam war.
5. 2001, Twins
Civil rights and important presidents
1. In the 20th century, Afro-Americans were treated badly in America. They were legally obligated not to visit theaters, to let people of white color sit in trams and buses etc. In the sixties, Dr. Martin Luther King created a movement for the civil rights for Afro-Americans. He managed to stir up peoples voices and he brought about a social revolution. After his death, people of all colour were treated equally.
2. George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, JFK, Reagan
Geography
Basics
1. The USA is a federal republic with Washington DC as the capital. The USA consists of 50 states, 48 liing on the land, Alaska and Hawai. Alaska lies in the northwest of the continent. Hawai is an archipelago in the midPacific. The country is situated predominantly in central North America. It borders with Canada in the north and Mexiko in the south. The country also possesses several different territoties in Carribean and Pacific such as Puerto Rico. The largest city is New York. The USA´s land measurement reaches out to 10 milion square kilometers with population over 320 million people. Most of the people are Christians, and only 15% of them are ateist. The majority of the population is white, but there are minorities such as Hispanic people and Afro-americans hand in hand with Asians.
 
Mountains
1. The Cordilleras is the greatest belt of mountains that lies in the west of the country and stretches from the north of the country to the south of the country
2. Sierra Nevada is a mountain chain which is located in California.
3. Appalachian highlands are located in the eastern side of the country
4. Laurentian Upland is a part of the Canadian shield that extends into the northern Great Lakes territory
5. Grand Canyon is a cayon carved by Colorado river in Arizona
6. The highest peak is Mount McKinley with its height around 6 km
7. The lowest point is located 86 meters below sea level in California, called Death Valley
Rivers
1. The longest river is the river Mississippi with its lenght around 3500km
2. The Colorado river which flows into the Gulf of California
3. The Columbia river which flows to Pacific ocean
The Great Lakes
All of those lakes lie at the border with Canada.
1. Lake Superior which is the largest of the five traditionally-demarcated Great Lakes of North America
2. Lake Huron
3. Lake Michigan which entirely lies in the USA
4. Lake Erie
5. Lake Ontario
Climate
1. Due to its size, the USA are affected nearly by every climate zone
2. The climate is temperate is most areas, subtropical in the south, tropical in Florida and Hawai, polar in Alaska and arid in the Great Basin
Fauna and Flora
Thanks to its expanse, a great scale of plants and animals can be found in the country.
1. Grizzly bear, deer, buffalo, crocodille, moose
2. Sequoias, pine, oak, maple, sequoias are typicall for America, those are the trees which cannot be embraced even by a bunch of people because the trunk is so massive
3. There are many national parks in the USA that offers various opportunities to observe local wildlife: the most signifficant are Yellowstone and Yosemite
 
Agriculture and Industry
The USA are filled with abundant natural resources such as oil, uranium gold and many others
The USA boast about its infrastructure thanks to which u can travel by car from western side of the country to the eastern side of the country and vice versa
The country is also known for its highest Gross Domestic Product in the world.
The USA are the biggest importer and the third biggest exporter
Many of the worl-wide known companies and household names in the realm of business originate in America, for example: Apple, Google, Tesla, Spacex, Gm, Ford
Their agriculture is also very rich, they export corn, soya, beans ant tobbaco to the whole world